基于模态反转的半球谐振陀螺零位自校准方法

针对半球谐振陀螺的零位漂移问题，本文研究了基于模态反转电路控制技术的零位自校准方法。首先，从动力学模型引入阻尼不对称、频率裂解等非理想因素，讨论半球谐振陀螺的工作机理及驻波漂移特性。其次，通过理论分析模态反转的零位校准以及虚拟进动控制的模态反转技术。最后，基于FPGA数字控制平台，设计并实现了半球谐振陀螺零位自校准半实物仿真实验。实验结果表明，基于模态反转的半球谐振陀螺零位校准，实现了半球谐振陀螺的零位从15 降低至2 ，短期零偏稳定性和长期稳定性也分别提高了11.8％和45.86％，有效地抑制了零位漂移，提高了半球谐振陀螺测量精度。     

Injection of 40-kHz-modulated electron beam from the satellite: II. Excitation of electrostatic and whistler waves

Beam-plasma interaction effects are studied during the active space experiment with electron and Xe-ion beam injections in an ionospheric plasma. Permanent 40-kHz-modulated electron beam injection occurs simultaneously with a xenon-ion beam injected by the Hall-type plasma thruster operating in a square-pulse mode (100/50 s for a job/pause duration). The unusual behavior of the background charged particle fluxes and wave activity stimulated during the beam-plasma interaction have been registered by the scientific instruments onboard Intercosmos-25 station (IK-25) and Magion-3 subsatellite. The longitudinal and electromagnetic wave instabilities and their mutual relationship are considered in order to explain the observed effects. The excitation of electrostatic waves by the electron injection has been considered for different resonance conditions near the linear stability boundary. Beam-driven electromagnetic instability is responsible for the backward-propagating whistler waves excited via cyclotron resonance. Competition of these two beam instabilities is one of the subjects of the present study.     

一种冲击响应谱试验设备校准装置的研制

介绍了冲击响应谱基本概念及其试验设备的分类与工作原理，参考现行冲击试验台检定规程提出了针对该设备的校准方法，设计了一种基于虚拟仪器技术的新型冲击响应谱试验设备校准装置，给出了典型冲击波形（半正弦、矩形、后峰锯齿）的冲击响应谱仿真计算结果并进行了验证，计算结果与理论结果完全一致，证明算法准确可靠，能够实现对冲击响应谱试验设备的校准。     

Case study of inclined sporadic E layers in the Earth’s ionosphere observed by CHAMP/GPS radio occultations: Coupling between the tilted plasma layers and internal waves

We have used the radio occultation (RO) satellite data CHAMP/GPS (Challenging Minisatellite Payload/Global Positioning System) for studying the ionosphere of the Earth. A method for deriving the parameters of ionospheric structures is based upon an analysis of the RO signal variations in the phase path and intensity. This method allows one to estimate the spatial displacement of a plasma layer with respect to the ray perigee, and to determine the layer inclination and height correction values. In this paper, we focus on the case study of inclined sporadic E (E_s) layers in the high-latitude ionosphere based on available CHAMP RO data. Assuming that the internal gravity waves (IGWs) with the phase-fronts parallel to the ionization layer surfaces are responsible for the tilt angles of sporadic plasma layers, we have developed a new technique for determining the parameters of IGWs linked with the inclined E_s structures. A small-scale internal wave may be modulating initially horizontal E_s layer in height and causing a direction of the plasma density gradient to be rotated and aligned with that of the wave propagation vector k. The results of determination of the intrinsic wave frequency and period, vertical and horizontal wavelengths, intrinsic vertical and horizontal phase speeds, and other characteristics of IGWs under study are presented and discussed.     

应用后缘装置的跨声速层流翼型多岛优化设计

高雷诺数状态下,自然层流技术(Natural laminar flow,NLF)是减小机翼表面湍流摩擦阻力的有效方法。然而由于层流翼面上大范围顺压梯度的存在使得后缘处的恢复压差更大,产生更强的激波。因此在减小摩擦阻力的同时又增加了激波阻力。本文采用后缘装置(Trailing edge device,TED)来控制翼型后缘处的激波强度,基于线性稳定性理论(Linear stability theory,LST)的eN方法对流动进行转捩判断,进而应用多岛并行多目标进化算法(multi-objective evolutionary algorithm,MOEA)以获得大范围层流区域和弱化激波强度为目标对翼型进行优化设计。优化结果表明合作均衡策略耦合进化算法可以快速地捕捉到该多目标问题的Pareto阵面解,阵面上翼型的波阻力和摩擦阻力性能较初始翼型大大改善。同时,采用后缘装置控制激波强度时,无论在设计点还是偏离设计点时,优化后翼型均具有良好的升阻力特性和鲁棒性。     

多种工质下螺旋波等离子体源波场结构数值模拟

针对螺旋波等离子体放电机理，开展了多种工质条件下的螺旋波放电等离子体内波场结构数值模拟研究。计算发现:氦气等离子体的Er分量在径向边界处的峰值更为突出，有利于等离子体在径向的输运，波电场径向分量决定了电流密度径向分量在内部的表现。在0.266 Pa和1.064 Pa两种气体压强条件下，通过波场结构验证了气压对于波阻尼影响的结论。波场结构是螺旋波在等离子体内传播以及能量沉积的微观体现，研究螺旋波波场结构是揭示其高电离效率的重要途径。初步探索了功率耦合机制，为实验系统优化及实验方案设定奠定理论基础。     

Numerical investigation on flow nonuniformity-induced hysteresis in scramjet isolator

Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were conducted to study the hysteresis inside scramjet isolator during the reciprocating process of back pressure variation. It is revealed that only a regular reflection is theoretically possible for two leading shocks when the inflow Mach number is greater than 2.0, and no hysteresis can occur in the transition between shock reflection types. Nevertheless, wall suction, gas injection, and background waves cause non-uniformity of the incoming flow and would make hysteresis possible. Besides the classical hysteresis in the transition between shock reflection, new kinds of hysteresis were found in both the deflection angle of separated boundary layer and the location of the shock train. Moreover, the occurrence of hysteresis in the deflection angle of the separated boundary layer is accompanied with the shock reflection hysteresis. In the case with background waves or gas injection, hysteresis in the starting position of leading shock was observed too. As back pressure decreases, the leading shock does not follow the same path as that as the back pressure increases, and it is anchored at the location where the background shock or the injection interacts with the leading shock. It is inferred that, if two strong adverse pressure gradient regions move towards and interact with each other, hysteresis will take place when they start to separate.     

边界层抽吸对超燃冲压发动机流场特性的影响研究

为了解边界层抽吸对超燃冲压发动机流场的影响,采用风洞试验和数值计算对隔离段激波串特性以及燃烧室燃烧特性进行了研究。结果表明,在发动机入口马赫数2.0,总温950K,总压0.82MPa的来流条件下,当量比为0.18先锋氢气与不同当量比煤油共同燃烧呈不稳定状态,激波串在隔离段内前后振荡传播。当煤油当量比为0.29时,激波串振荡前缘远离抽吸位置,边界层抽吸对发动机流场基本没有影响。随着煤油当量比逐渐增大,激波串前缘位置到达抽吸区附近,边界层抽吸开始产生影响,改变了隔离段内的激波串动态演化过程、形态结构以及位置分布,同时有效提高了隔离段抗反压特性,使得煤油最大当量比可以由0.38增大至0.42。此外,边界层抽吸对发动机内的亚燃/超燃区域分布也会产生影响。     

How do interplanetary shock impact angles control the size of the geoeffective magnetosphere?

In this paper, we investigate temporal and spatial magnetosphere response to the impact of interplanetary (IP) shocks with different inclinations and speeds on the Earth’s magnetosphere. A data set with more than 500 IP shocks is used to identify positive sudden impulse (SI⁺) events as expressed by the SuperMAG partial ring current index. The SI⁺ rise time (RT), defined as the time interval between compression onset and maximum SI⁺ signature, is obtained for each event. We use RT and a model suggested by Takeuchi et al. (2002) to calculate the geoeffective magnetospheric distance (GMD) in the shock propagation direction as a function of shock impact angle and speed for each event. GMD is a generalization of the geoeffective magnetosphere length (GML) suggested by Takeuchi et al. (2002), defined from the subsolar point along the X line toward the tail. We estimate statistical GMD and GML values which are then reported for the first time. We also show that, similarly to well-known results for RT, the highest correlation coefficient for the GMD and impact angle is found for shocks with high speeds and small impact angles, and the faster and more frontal the shock, the smaller the GMD. This result indicates that the magnetospheric response depends heavily on shock impact angle. With these results, we argue that the prediction and forecasting of space weather events, such as those caused by coronal mass ejections, will not be accurately accomplished if the disturbances’ angles of impact are not considered as an important parameter within model and observation scheme capabilities.     

调频连续波合成孔径雷达滑动聚束成像算法

调频连续波(FMCW)体制下,传统脉冲合成孔径雷达(SAR)的"走—停"回波模型已经不再适用,快时间走动项引入的距离-方位耦合项不可以忽略,否则会使图像质量的降低。该文首先构建FMCW回波模型,其次,提出了一种基于两步式的滑动聚束SAR成像算法。所提算法针对滑动聚束模式中,多普勒历程大于脉冲重复频率(PRF)所造成的频谱混叠问题,采用方位频域去斜的预处理加以解决。由于距离徙动校正(RCMC)后方位时域依旧混叠,该算法通过方位去斜在频域完成聚焦避免再一次的解混叠操作。通过仿真验证,该算法能够实现高精度的FMCW SAR滑动聚束成像。